Orthopedics and Musculoskeletal Pain

Plantar Fat Pad Atrophy: Heel Pain From Loss of Natural Protection

Learn about plantar fat pad atrophy — an important and frequently overlooked cause of heel pain, distinct from plantar fasciitis.

Elbow Bursitis: Olecranon Bursitis

Learn about olecranon bursitis — inflammation of the bursa at the tip of the elbow, its causes, the distinction between septic and aseptic forms, and treatment.

Trochanteric Bursitis: Why the Side of the Hip Hurts

Understand greater trochanteric pain syndrome — causes, diagnosis, and evidence-based treatments.

Muscle Cramps: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Clinical Management

Understand involuntary muscle contractions — causes, prevention, and evidence-based treatments.

Adhesive Capsulitis: Frozen Shoulder

Learn about adhesive capsulitis — causes, phases, diagnosis, and treatment of frozen shoulder, including the role of medical acupuncture.

Neck Pain: Why the Neck Hurts and How to Treat It

Everything about neck pain — causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and evidence-based treatment options.

Cervicobrachialgia: Cervical Pain Radiating to the Arm

Learn about cervicobrachialgia — when cervical pain extends to the shoulder and upper limb, its causes and treatments.

Sciatica: Causes, Signs, and Treatment

Understand sciatic pain — its causes, mechanisms, diagnosis, and evidence-based treatment options.

Patellar Chondromalacia: Causes and Treatment of the Pain

Understand softening of the patellar cartilage — causes, grades, diagnosis, and evidence-based treatments.

Muscle Contusions: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Clinical Management

Understand muscle injuries from direct impact — mechanisms, grades of injury, and evidence-based treatment.

Costochondritis: From Diagnosis to Evidence-Based Treatment

Understand inflammation of the costochondral joints — the most common musculoskeletal cause of chest pain.

Abdominal Diastasis (Diastasis Recti)

Separation of the abdominal muscles: assessment, progressive rehabilitation, and what really works

Scapular Dyskinesis: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Understand the alteration of scapular movement — classification, biomechanical mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, and therapeutic approach with medical acupuncture.

Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD)

Collapse of the medial arch: from early diagnosis to functional rehabilitation of acquired adult flatfoot

Adductor Strain (Muscular Groin Pain)

Groin pain in athletes: from acute injury to prevention with targeted exercises

Hamstring Strain

Posterior thigh muscle injury: grades, rehabilitation, and prevention of recurrences

Lumbar Facet Pain: Zygapophyseal Joint Syndrome

Learn about lumbar facet pain — a frequent and underdiagnosed cause of chronic low back pain, its diagnostic methods, and treatment.

Postoperative Orthopedic Pain: Assessment and Multimodal Treatment

Understand pain after orthopedic surgery — mechanisms, multimodal management, and evidence-based recovery strategies.

Growing Pains: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Clinical Management

Understand benign musculoskeletal pains of childhood — causes, diagnosis, and evidence-based management.

TMD: Temporomandibular Disorder — Diagnosis and Treatment

Understand the most prevalent orofacial pain — from jaw pain to tinnitus, from stress to bruxism.

Ankle Sprain: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Understand the most common ligamentous injury in sport — grades, diagnosis, and evidence-based treatment.

Lateral Epicondylitis: Tennis Elbow

Learn about lateral epicondylitis — one of the most common upper-limb tendinopathies, its causes and treatments.

Medial Epicondylitis: Golfer's Elbow

Learn about medial epicondylitis — causes, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, and evidence-based treatments.

Spondylolisthesis: Vertebral Slippage

Learn about spondylolisthesis — the slippage of a vertebra over the one below, its types, classification, and conservative and surgical treatment options.

Cervical Spondylosis: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Clinical Management

Understand the 'wear and tear' of the cervical spine — from neck pain to myelopathy, from diagnosis to treatment.

Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the Vertebral Canal

Learn about spinal stenosis — a frequent cause of pain and functional limitation in adults, including cervical and lumbar forms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Plantar Fasciitis: Why the Heel Hurts and How to Resolve It

Understand the most common cause of heel pain — mechanisms, diagnosis, and effective evidence-based treatments.

Calcaneal Stress Fracture: Diagnosis and Treatment

Learn about calcaneal stress fracture — an underdiagnosed cause of heel pain in runners and patients with osteoporosis.

Cervical Disc Herniation: Diagnosis and Treatment

Learn about cervical disc herniation — from pathophysiology to evidence-based treatment, including when surgery is truly necessary.

Chronic Ankle Instability

Recurrent sprains: why the ankle keeps giving way and how to recover stability

Low Back Pain: Real Causes, Diagnosis, and Medical Treatment

Understand the causes, symptoms, and treatments for pain in the lumbar region — one of the most common complaints in clinical practice.

Morton's Neuroma: Pain in the Sole of the Foot Between the Metatarsals

Learn about Morton's neuroma — compression of the plantar digital nerve that causes burning pain and tingling in the forefoot.

Knee Osteoarthritis: Evaluation, Treatment, and When to Operate

Understand knee osteoarthritis — the most common form of arthritis, its mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

Hip Osteoarthritis: Diagnosis and Conservative Treatment

Understand coxarthrosis — causes, diagnosis, and treatments for hip joint degeneration, the second most common site of osteoarthritis.

Tibial Periostitis (Shin Splints): Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Understand medial tibial stress syndrome — runners' shin pain, causes, and evidence-based treatment.

Sacroiliitis: Inflammation of the Sacroiliac Joint

Learn about sacroiliitis — inflammation of the sacroiliac joint, its mechanical and inflammatory causes, differential diagnosis with spondyloarthritis, and treatment options.

Iliotibial Band Syndrome

Lateral knee pain in runners: mechanism, diagnosis, and functional rehabilitation

Myofascial Pain Syndrome: Trigger Points and Treatment

Understand trigger points, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for chronic myofascial pain.

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Learn about neurovascular compression at the thoracic outlet — types, symptoms, differential diagnosis, and the role of medical acupuncture in conservative treatment.

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment

Pain on raising the arm? Understand subacromial impingement syndrome — from mechanism to evidence-based treatment.

Piriformis Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment

Understand sciatic nerve compression by the piriformis muscle — causes, differential diagnosis, and evidence-based treatments.

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow: symptoms, diagnosis, and conservative treatment

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Early Signs and Treatment

Everything about the most common compressive neuropathy — from nighttime tingling to definitive treatment.

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the Posterior Tibial Nerve

Learn about tarsal tunnel syndrome — a compressive neuropathy of the ankle that causes pain, burning, and tingling on the sole of the foot.

Radial Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the Radial Nerve in the Forearm

Learn about radial tunnel syndrome — posterior interosseous nerve compression in the proximal forearm, often mistaken for lateral epicondylitis.

Biceps Tendinopathy

Anterior shoulder pain: when the biceps tendon is the protagonist

Achilles Tendinopathy: Pain in the Achilles Tendon

Learn about Achilles tendon tendinopathy — the continuum model, differences between mid-portion and insertional, and evidence-based treatments.

Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: Evaluation and Treatment

Causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments for the leading cause of shoulder pain in adults.

Patellar Tendinopathy (Jumper's Knee)

Anterior knee pain in athletes: from diagnosis to the progressive load protocol

Triceps Tendinopathy

Posterior elbow pain: diagnosis, loading protocol, and return to activity

De Quervain's Tenosynovitis: Causes and Treatment

Torticollis: From Diagnosis to Evidence-Based Treatment

Understand acute cervical spasm — causes, types, diagnosis, and evidence-based treatment options.